CASA Elements and Keyword Groups

Each CASA element was operationalized as a Boolean keyword group used to identify thematic domains within WoS-indexed publications. Pairwise combinations between elements (e₁, e₂) were queried to detect co-occurrence of topics across records.

The original implementation relied on the Clarivate api.wos endpoint, iterating through all possible CASA element pairs. For manual or web-based replication in WoS Advanced Search, the equivalent Boolean query syntax is:

(TI=(<KEYWORDS_A>) AND AB=(<KEYWORDS_B>)) 
OR (AK=(<KEYWORDS_A>) AND KP=(<KEYWORDS_B>)) 
AND PY=(2008-2023)

Where:

• TI = Title
• AB = Abstract
• AK = Author Keywords
• KP = Keywords Plus
• PY = Publication Year range (e.g., 2008–2023)

Example query for “Food Security” and “Agricultural Development”:

(TI=("Food Security" OR "food safety" OR "nutrition access") 
 AND AB=("Agricultural Development" OR "sustainable agriculture")) 
OR (AK=("Food Security") AND KP=("Agricultural Development")) 
AND PY=(2008-2023)

The resulting counts represent the number of WoS-indexed publications where both thematic domains co-occur within titles, abstracts, or keywords.